Types of bricks in terms of brick type

The types of bricks in terms of the type of bricks that are mostly used in Iran today for construction include: machine brick, solid machine brick, ten-hole brick, and hollow clay brick.

Bricks are different in terms of strength and appearance and are prepared with different dimensions depending on the use. Automatic molding machines are used to prepare the cream of machine bricks, and therefore their dimensions can be changed as desired.

If in a particular case there is a need for clay bricks or other types of machine bricks, buyers can order their desired products from Pars brick factories with prior agreement.

Types of bricks by type:

Pressed brick:

This type of brick is usually used in strengthening and underlaying of the building and is prepared manually (brick making). This type of brick is suitable for all construction works such as knotting, striking arch, carrier walls and porcelain blade.

At present, the construction industry in Iran uses a large amount of pressed bricks. And these bricks are often molded by hand and baked in local furnaces, so their dimensions have been fixed at 22 x 10 x 5.5 according to many experiences gained over a long period of time.

The position of pressed brick in Iran has forced the machine brick industry to be close to the dimensions of pressed brick, and for this reason, the current machine bricks in Iran have dimensions of 22 x 10 x 5.5. Any fundamental change in the dimensions of machine bricks depends on the revision of the dimensions of pressed bricks, so as long as pressed bricks retain their essential role in the construction industry, the dimensions of machine bricks will depend on the dimensions of pressed bricks, this type of brick is used for all construction works such as Porcelain, arched vault, porter walls and porcelain blade are suitable.

Machine bricks:

Machine-made brick or perforated brick, which has 8 or 10 holes with a diameter of 1.5 to 2 cm on its larger surface, and is known as eight- or ten-hole machine-made bricks in the Iranian market. According to the standard number 7 of the Iranian Institute of Standards and Industrial Research, these holes must go through the entire thickness of the brick and the total cross-sectional area of the holes should not be more than 25% of the larger surface of the brick, and the distance of the holes from the edge of the brick as well as the distance of the holes from each other in each dimension of the brick should not be less than 300% of the length of the same dimension.

The reason for the existence of these holes is that during the wall construction, the mortar penetrates vertically into the brick and makes the wall stronger. This type of brick is used in the construction of bearing walls because it can be reinforced with rebar through the holes in the surface of the brick. A reinforced brick wall is built to withstand the force of an earthquake.

The material of this type of bricks is very brittle and brittle compared to pressed bricks, and its suction properties are less than pressed bricks. These bricks cannot be axed due to their brittleness, and they are not used in percussion arch because they do not have great suction properties and cannot adhere well to mortar. The dimensions of this type of brick are 5.5 x 11 x 22 cm. The sides of this type of brick are rounder and have smoother surfaces than pressed bricks.

Clay brick:

These bricks are carefully prepared in terms of construction, shape, color and technical specifications and are used in different parts of the building depending on their shape. Due to the low absorption of water in ten-hole clay bricks, in order to have proper adhesion with mortar, they use perforated types. Another of their properties is the style that increases the execution speed.

Old bricks:

These types of bricks are produced in large pieces and despite being prepared manually, they have been of good quality.

Military brick:

As many as four ordinary bricks 5x50x50 have been used in the floors of barracks halls in the past.

Error brick:

with the dimensions of 5x25x25 in old buildings, in the courtyard floor carpet and… flat brick (Iranian square): It is bigger than military brick, which is mainly used for carpeting the floor.

Sugar brick:

Or a water tank that is resistant to moisture and used in the work of arranging the source of the water tank.

Glazed brick:

Glazed bricks and the art of glazing have been common in Iranian architecture for a long time. One of the advantages of glazing is increasing resistance to erosion and weathering factors, its smooth and polished texture prevents water from penetrating into the brick and makes it more stable against chemical factors.

The time for glazing bricks is usually at the end of the drying stage. And this is how a coating of a mineral composition is sprayed on one or more brick surfaces. The glaze dissolves and penetrates the brick at a certain temperature. After baking, the result is a polished coating. The choice of raw materials is very important in the production of glazed bricks. In case of not choosing the right one, if the coefficient of expansion and contraction is different from the brick, it will crack quickly.

refractory bricks

The raw materials and production process of refractory bricks vary according to the place of use, furnace heat, chemical environment, pressure, wear and temperature changes, and it is prepared with minimum fusible materials, in fact, it is prepared from all kinds of refractory soils.

The refractory brick facade is not only for the exterior of the building, but it can also be used in wet indoor spaces such as bathrooms and kitchens, and even on the floor.

Lime sand brick:

The basis of their ingredients is calcium silicate, it is made from a combination of lime and silica sand, and they are formed under pressure and steam conditions. These bricks should not be placed in acidic environments or strong salts. They shrink during drying and are not recommended for building foundations and porcelain seats because they absorb more water than other bricks.

Welding brick:

This brick is baked with soil that does not become pasty in the heat of more than a thousand degrees and it is kept in the furnace until the grains of the soil sweat a little and stick together and the brick becomes one piece. This brick should not be kneaded in the heat of the oven, and the difference in the degree of sweating and kneading of the soil of the welded brick should be large. In order for the brick to sweat less, it is given a flux, which is mostly iron oxide. Iron oxide, apart from being fusible, turns the color of the welded brick baked at 1000 to 1200 degrees from red to black. The beige color of the welded brick is due to the lack of iron oxide and the abundance of lime and bases.

This brick should be hard, not broken, not brittle, not cracked, resistant to impact and not full, wear less, be rough, and the worn place should remain rough, its broken surface should not be glassy, grainy. and be full, stable against frost and chemical substances. The compressive strain of welding brick should not be less than 35N/mm2. Construction welded brick should not absorb more than 6% and carpet brick more than 4% of its weight. The specific gravity of welding brick should be more than 1/9. The welded brick that is used for carpeting the pavement and the sidewalk must have high impact resistance. Abrade very little, be rough and remain rough after wear. Welded brick is also used to cover the walls of tunnels and manholes.